Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Targeted detection of cancer at the cellular level during biopsy by near-infrared confocal laser endomicroscopy

doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30265-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Growth of orthotopic murine lung adenocarcinoma (TC1-luc) tumors as assessed using bioluminescence imaging with a NIR luciferin analog. b Respiratory gated CT image of a representative tumor at 10 days, with red arrow marking the tumor. c , d White light images of an orthotopic tumor in situ and ex vivo 24 h after infusion with pafolacianine (2 mg/kg). Animals were killed prior to thoracic cavity exposure, organ harvest, and image acquisition. e NIR image of the orthotopic tumor showing clear macroscopic fluorescent signal. f , g Representative NIR-nCLE images of normal and tumor tissue, respectively. h , i Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of biopsies taken from the site of NIR-nCLE imaging. Scale bars represent 5 mm. j , k Fluorescence microscopy of biopsy slides from normal lung and tumor tissue, respectively. Scale bars represent 5 mm. l Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of NIR-nCLE sequences taken during biopsy of normal lung and tumor tissue for each mouse. Minima, center, and maxima of boxes represent 25th percentile, mean, and 75th percentile of MFI obtained for the entire imaging sequence. ( n = 117, 117, 117, and 118 frames for normal lung biopsies for Mice 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively; n = 116, 111, 110. And 117 frames for tumor biopsies for Mice 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). Whiskers represent the 5th and 95th percentile of MFI over the same sequence. Statistical comparisons were performed using two-sided t tests and p values are shown on the graph. m Tumor-to-background ratios of the orthotopic TC1-luc tumors ( n = 4 biologically independent animals). Each tumor is represented by a single point, with mean line and standard error bars also shown.

Article Snippet: Female, 6–8-week-old, athymic nude mice (Charles River Laboratories, Shrewsbury, MA; n = 5) were transpleurally injected with TC1-luc cells diluted in a 1:1 mixture of PBS and Geltrex (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) according to methods described previously .

Techniques: Imaging, In Situ, Ex Vivo, Staining, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Sequencing